The Sources of America’s Top Imports

Top suppliers of US imports in 2022:

• China ($536.3 billion)
• Mexico ($454.8 billion)
• Canada ($436.6 billion)
• Japan ($148.1 billion)
• Germany ($146.6 billion).

Electronics and Machinery: $916 billion

Electronics and machinery are among America's top imports. This category includes computers, smartphones, and industrial equipment. In 2022, the United States spent $108 billion on computers for personal and professional use. The United States is also the largest importer of broadcasting equipment, including televisions, with imports valued at $116 billion.

Primary Sources: China, Mexico, Japan, and South Korea

• China is the main source of America's top imports. As the global leader in electronics exports, China maintains its dominant position in the market due to its advanced manufacturing, cost-effective production capabilities, and extensive supply chain networks. The country’s significant investment in infrastructure enables it to consistently meet the high demand from US consumers and businesses, exporting nearly 51 percent of all computers.
• Mexico’s strategic location and close economic ties make it a top supplier of America’s electronics. Its proximity to the US market allows for shorter delivery times and lower transportation costs. Many electronics companies have established production facilities to take advantage of efficient cross-border logistics. In total, Mexico’s annual exports are valued at $39.3 billion.
• Japan and South Korea have invested heavily in research and development, creating cutting-edge products and technologies. Japanese and Korean brands like Sony, Samsung, and LG have built global reputations that are known for their reliability. These countries also maintain strict quality control standards, meeting the demands of the US market.

Vehicles: $351 billion

This category includes cars, trucks, and various automotive components essential for the American automotive industry. In 2022, the United States was the world’s biggest importer of vehicles and parts, spending $159 billion on cars alone.

Primary Sources: Germany, Japan, South Korea, Mexico

• Germany is the world’s largest exporter of cars, accounting for 19 percent of the market. The country is renowned for luxury vehicles and high-quality automotive components. German automotive brands like BMW, Mercedes-Benz, and Volkswagen have a strong reputation for luxury, performance, and reliability. This reputation drives demand in the US market.
• Japan is a major exporter of vehicles and automotive parts, recognized for brands like Honda, Toyota, and Nissan. Its annual car exports are valued at $89 billion. Japan's strong trade relations with the US and well-established distribution networks make it easier to export vehicles and parts efficiently.
• South Korea has rapidly emerged as a critical player in the global automotive industry, with annual car exports valued at $52.1 billion. Brands like Hyundai and Kia have gained significant market share in the US by offering reliable, well-equipped vehicles at competitive prices. Trade agreements and a strong logistics infrastructure support the efficient export of cars and parts from South Korea to America.
• Mexico offers cost-effective manufacturing and assembly services, which attract major automotive manufacturers. The country's maquiladora program allows duty-free imports of raw materials and components, which are later assembled into vehicles and parts for export.

Mineral Fuels: $329 billion

The United States is the fastest-growing import market for crude petroleum and other mineral fuels. In 2022, America spent $199 billion importing crude petroleum alone. These imports help stabilize domestic energy markets and support economic activities like transportation, heating, and electricity generation.

Primary Sources: Canada, Mexico, Saudi Arabia

• Canada is America’s supplier of mineral fuels, providing over 59% of our imported crude oil. The country has developed advanced extraction and refining technologies, producing and exporting high-quality mineral fuels efficiently. The proximity between the two nations, combined with an extensive network of pipelines and cross-border trade agreements like the USMCA, allows for the seamless transport of these fuels.
• Mexico's success in exporting mineral fuels to the United States is primarily driven by its rich oil reserves and strategic location. Mexico's close geographical proximity allows for efficient and cost-effective transportation of mineral fuels, primarily via pipelines and tankers. Trade agreements like USMCA have strengthened economic ties and streamlined energy trade between the two nations.
• Saudi Arabia is one of the top oil producers in the world, exporting a large amount of mineral fuels to the United States. The strong relationship between Saudi Arabia and the US helps maintain long-term trade agreements, ensuring that Saudi mineral fuels continue to meet the energy needs of the American market.

Pharmaceuticals: $324 billion

Pharmaceuticals are another significant import for the United States, driven by the need for various medications and treatments. The United States is the largest importer of packaged medication, consuming nearly 20 percent of all pharmaceutical imports. In 2022, the country spent $91.3 billion on packaged medications.

Primary Sources: Germany and Switzerland, Ireland, and India

• Germany and Switzerland are both known for high-quality medical equipment. Together, they account for over 26 percent of the export market, valued at $120.2 billion annually. These countries are home to some of the world's largest and most reputable pharmaceutical companies, such as Bayer, Roche, and Novartis. Their reputation for quality and reliability makes their products highly sought after in the United States.
• Ireland is a leading pharmaceutical supplier to the United States thanks to its strong government support for the industry. Many global pharmaceutical companies, including Pfizer and Johnson & Johnson, have established manufacturing plants in Ireland due to their low corporate tax rates and strategic location within the European Union. Ireland's strict adherence to international quality standards and ability to produce a wide range of pharmaceutical products have made it a key supplier to the US market.
• India supplies numerous generic medications to the American market at competitive prices. Indian pharmaceutical companies, such as Sun Pharma and Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, are known for producing high-quality generic drugs. The country’s ability to supply affordable and effective medicines makes it a vital partner in meeting the healthcare needs of the US population.

Metals: $196 billion

Metals are number five on the list of America's top imports. The United States imports metals such as steel, aluminum, and iron to support its manufacturing and construction industries. These imports are crucial for building infrastructure, producing automobiles, and manufacturing electronics, among other applications.

Primary Sources: China, Germany, Japan

• China is a top exporter of metals to the United States due to its significant investment in mining and metal production. The country's ability to produce a wide range of metals, including steel, aluminum, and rare earth elements, at competitive prices makes it a dominant player in the global metals market. China's extensive infrastructure, efficient supply chains, and government support for the metal industry further enhance its export capabilities.
• Germany produces a variety of metals and metal products, including high-grade steel and specialty alloys. German metal producers, such as Thyssenkrupp and Siemens, are renowned for their innovation and adherence to stringent quality controls, making their products highly valued in the US market.
• Japanese companies, such as Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Industries, are leaders in producing steel and other metals used in various industries, from automotive to electronics. Japan's commitment to continuous improvement and innovation ensures that its metal products meet the highest quality and performance standards.

The United States depends on imports from around the world to get the products it needs. By working with international partners, America can ensure it has the resources to keep its economy strong and its people well-supported. Understanding where America's top imports come from helps us see how connected our global economy is and the importance of maintaining good trade relationships.